Industry & trade — A–Z

Organizations (42)

• African Fine Coffees Association — The trade body for African coffee — a member-based non-profit in Kampala that runs the continent’s biggest coffee conference and the Taste of Harvest quality competition across eleven countries.
• All Japan Coffee Association — Japan’s industry-wide coffee trade body — the umbrella over the country’s roasters, importers and green traders, and the source of the national consumption and import statistics everyone quotes.
• ANACAFÉ — Guatemala’s national coffee association, created by decree in November 1960 — the body that drew the country’s eight-region origin map, runs its cupping labs and coffee school, bred Anacafe 14, and hosts Guatemala’s Cup of Excellence.
• Brazil Specialty Coffee Association — Brazil’s specialty coffee association, founded in 1991 by twelve producers and exporters — the body behind the country’s 80-point certification seals, and the association whose donated support got the Alliance for Coffee Excellence off the ground.
• Casas de la Alegría — Costa Rica’s harvest-season childcare programme for the children of coffee pickers — houses opened next to the coffee regions so migrant families can work while their children are fed, taught and kept out of the fields.
• CATIE — The Costa Rican research centre in Turrialba that keeps a living library of about 2,000 coffee plants — the collection Geisha passed through on its way to Panama, and the source of the F1 hybrids Centroamericano and Esperanza.
• Cenicafé — The research centre of Colombia’s growers’ federation, founded in 1938. It bred Castillo, Variedad Colombia, Tabi and Cenicafé 1, wrote the textbook definition of washed coffee, and built the machines that cut washing water use by 99%.
• CIFC — A small Portuguese laboratory outside Lisbon, founded in 1955, that spent seventy years cataloguing coffee leaf rust and the plants that survive it — and whose catalogue numbers are stamped on the parentage of nearly every rust-resistant coffee variety planted today.
• CIRAD — The French public agricultural research body behind coffee’s F1 hybrids — the institute that made lab-grown hybrid seedlings cheap enough to hand out by the million, and that co-bred Marsellesa, Starmaya, Centroamericano and Esperanza.
• Coffee Board of India — The Government of India body created by the Coffee Act VII of 1942 that runs Indian coffee — research, extension, quality and export promotion. It once controlled the marketing of the entire national crop through a compulsory pool, and stopped.
• Coffee for Peace — A Philippine social enterprise founded in Davao City in 2008 that buys and sells Mindanao coffee as a peacebuilding tool — it grew out of a conflict-mediation ministry, and its accounting is done in reconciliation as much as in pesos.
• Coffee Quality Institute — The nonprofit behind the Q Grader certification, the industry’s standard for trained coffee graders.
• Consejo Salvadoreño del Café — The Salvadoran state body that ran national coffee policy from 1989, took over when the old export monopoly was broken up, and has since been folded into today’s Instituto Salvadoreño del Café — though the sources disagree on whether that was a rename or a merger.
• Conservation International — The American environmental charity that co-wrote Starbucks’ coffee-buying rulebook, has worked on coffee farms since 1996, and is now steering a $120-million climate fund into smallholder coffee.
• Embrapa Café — The Brazilian federal unit that does not grow coffee, does not sell coffee and does not enter competitions — it decides which coffee research gets done. Created in 1999 to run the national coffee R&D programme and hold together a consortium of the country’s coffee institutes.
• Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority — The Ethiopian government body that regulates and promotes coffee, tea and spices — and the source of the official export numbers that put every record auction price in perspective.
• FECAFEB — Bolivia’s national federation of smallholder coffee growers who export their own coffee — founded in 1991, built on cooperatives and peasant associations in the Yungas, and the closest thing the country has to a national coffee body. It has no working website, which is most of the problem with writing about it.
• Federación Nacional de Cafeteros — The growers’ federation that has run Colombian coffee since 1927 — a private, non-profit association owned by its farmers that buys their crop every day of the year, funds the research centre, and owns the Café de Colombia and Juan Valdez names.
• Federation of Cerrado Coffee Growers — The non-profit federation of Brazilian producer associations and cooperatives that owns, polices and promotes the Cerrado Mineiro Denomination of Origin — the body that decides which Brazilian coffee is allowed to carry the region’s name.
• Fundação Procafé — The Brazilian non-profit coffee research and extension foundation in Varginha, Minas Gerais, built to keep the defunct IBC’s gene bank, laboratories and experimental farms working. Not the same body as the Salvadoran, Puerto Rican or Nicaraguan PROCAFE.
• IAPAR — The Paraná state agricultural research institute that bred IAPAR 59 and the IPR coffee cultivars, rebuilt the state’s coffee sector after the 1975 frost, and has since been merged into IDR-Paraná.
• ICAFE — Costa Rica’s national coffee institute — a public but non-state body created in 1933 that regulates the whole coffee chain, breeds varieties, and runs the country’s origin brand.
• IHCAFE — Honduras’s national coffee institute, founded in 1970 — the body that breeds the country’s rust-resistant varieties, draws its six coffee regions, trains its farmers, and runs its quality lab.
• INIFAP — Mexico’s national forestry, agriculture and livestock research institute, created in 1985. Coffee is a small corner of its work, but it is the body that bred and released Oro Azteca, Mexico’s rust-resistant Catimor.
• Instituto Agronômico de Campinas — The São Paulo state agricultural institute, founded by an emperor in 1887, whose coffee breeding programme produced Mundo Novo and Catuaí and selected Caturra — the three varieties most of Brazilian and Central American coffee is built on.
• Instituto Brasileiro do Café — The Brazilian federal coffee agency that ran the country’s national coffee policy from 1952 until it was abolished in 1990 — the body that set export policy, funded research and extension, and left its gene banks and laboratories to be rescued by others.
• Instituto Salvadoreño de Investigaciones del Café — El Salvador’s national coffee research institute, and the breeder of Pacamara. It no longer exists as an independent body, its legal history is documented only in Salvadoran decrees that are currently offline, and almost everything it is remembered for sits in a variety catalogue rather than in its own archive.
• Instituto Salvadoreño del Café — El Salvador’s current state coffee body — the successor to a tangle of earlier institutions, the seller behind the country’s Exclusive Nano Lot Auction, and the owner of the Café de El Salvador brand. Almost everything about its legal history is documented in decrees nobody outside El Salvador can read.
• International Coffee Organization — The intergovernmental body for coffee — the treaty organisation that once set world export quotas, and now counts and prices the world’s coffee.
• International Institute of Coffee Tasters — An Italian non-profit founded in 1993 to put coffee tasting — especially espresso — on a scientific footing, and the body behind the International Coffee Tasting medal competition.
• International Women’s Coffee Alliance — A global non-profit network of self-governing national chapters, founded in 2003, that works to get women in coffee-producing and coffee-drinking countries into leadership, training and buyers’ view.
• Jimma Agricultural Research Center — Ethiopia’s national coffee research centre, founded in 1967 and part of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. It collected the forest landraces behind the numbered varieties — 74158, 74110, 74112 — that now win Ethiopia’s Cup of Excellence.
• KALRO — Kenya’s state agricultural research body, and the home of the coffee breeding programme that produced Ruiru 11 and Batian. Its coffee arm at Ruiru was the Coffee Research Foundation until a 2013–14 government merger folded it in.
• National Coffee Association — The United States coffee industry’s trade association, founded in 1911 — it lobbies, publishes the country’s headline coffee-drinking survey, and runs the consumer site aboutcoffee.org.
• PROCAFE — Three unrelated coffee organizations share this name — a Salvadoran research foundation, a Puerto Rican growers’ nonprofit, and a Nicaraguan cooperative. This wiki’s incoming links almost all mean the Salvadoran one, which is also the only one with no website.
• SCAP — The Specialty Coffee Association of Panama, which runs the Best of Panama competition and auction.
• Scott Agricultural Laboratories — The colonial-era Kenyan research station that put the “SL” in SL28 and SL34. Its institutional chronology is now documented — a Kabete station from 1903, the Scott name from 1924, coffee research gone to Ruiru by 1949 — but its namesake and its site details still rest on single unread sources.
• Specialty Coffee Association — The global trade body for specialty coffee, behind widely used standards for cupping and scoring.
• Specialty Coffee Association of America — The American trade body founded in 1982 that wrote specialty coffee’s first standards, ran its first big trade show, and merged with its European counterpart in 2017 to become today’s Specialty Coffee Association.
• Specialty Coffee Association of Japan — Japan’s national specialty coffee body — it runs the Tokyo trade show, seven national championships, and the country’s professional coffee qualifications.
• Vietnam Coffee and Cocoa Association — The trade association for the world’s second-largest coffee producer, founded in Da Lat in 1990. Its export numbers are the figures the Vietnamese government and the world’s press quote — and they are almost the only thing it publishes.
• World Coffee Research — The industry-funded nonprofit that breeds new coffee varieties and keeps the variety catalogue this wiki cites on almost every plant.

Traders & importers (17)

• Ally Coffee — A green-coffee importer that began as Mountain Coffee Corporation in 2010 and took the Ally name in 2013 — Brazilian in origin, Swiss in its finance office, American in its main sales arm, and the source behind several of this wiki’s Costa Rican farm entries.
• Alo Coffee — The Ethiopian family producer-exporter in the Sidama highlands whose own private auction, Echoes of the Peak, sold coffee at $1,739 a kilo in 2025.
• Cafe Imports — An independent specialty green-coffee importer founded in Minneapolis in 1993 by Andrew Miller, now operating on three continents — and, through its free education library and its long-running water activity study, one of the most-cited reference publishers in the specialty trade.
• Daye Bensa — The family-owned Ethiopian grower-exporter in Bensa, Sidama — sixteen washing stations, tens of thousands of smallholder suppliers, and three Cup of Excellence placings filed under the founders’ own names.
• ECOM — The Swiss-based, family-owned soft commodity group that is one of the world’s largest green coffee merchants and millers — the company behind Mercanta, Bourbon Specialty Coffees and Dorman, and the commercial half of the CIRAD alliance that bred Marsellesa and Starmaya.
• Falcon Coffees — A green coffee trading house based in Lewes, England, with origin and sales offices from Addis Ababa to Austin — a wholly owned subsidiary of the Nasdaq-listed Westrock Coffee since 2014, and the company behind much of Westrock’s traceability story.
• Kape Diem Coffee Lab — A coffee quality lab in Dili started in 2018 that cups, teaches and buys traceable coffee in Timor-Leste — an origin with no auction and almost no published scores — and exports through its own arm, Orijem Timor, under an Australian government-backed partnership.
• M-Cultivo — The software company that runs most of the world’s specialty coffee auctions — including Best of Panama — and briefly ran Cup of Excellence’s before the two parted ways in 2025.
• Mercanta — The London green-coffee importer that has traded as “The Coffee Hunters” since 1996 — founded by Stephen Hurst, now an ECOM company, with warehouses on three continents and five Cup of Excellence number-one lots to its name.
• Ninety Plus — The producer brand founded by Joseph Brodsky that made its name on experimental Ethiopian naturals, then bought 200 hectares of ex-cattle land in Volcán, Panama and grew Geisha under a rebuilt forest — and sells it privately rather than at auction.
• Nordic Approach — The Oslo green-coffee importer founded in 2011 that buys only lots scoring 86 points and up, ships them from a warehouse in Belgium, and has belonged to the German trading group Neumann Kaffee Gruppe since around 2021.
• Orijem Timor — The Australian-backed export company formed in 2021 to carry Timor-Leste specialty coffee to Australia — a three-way partnership between the Dili quality lab Kape Diem, the green-coffee buyer Project Origin and the Canberra consultancy 1LM, launched publicly by the Timorese prime minister in 2023.
• Pebble Coffee — A small Taipei green-coffee importer and micro-roaster that shows up on the buyer list for the $10,013-a-kilo 2024 Best of Panama record lot — bidding, unusually, on someone else’s behalf.
• Project Origin — An Australian green coffee buyer founded by Sasa Sestic out of his Canberra company ONA Coffee, selling unroasted coffee from eighteen countries to roasters — and the company behind CM Selections, the carbonic-maceration range that put sealed-tank fermentation on wholesale price lists.
• Sucafina — A family-owned Swiss green coffee trading group — founded in Geneva in 1977 on a commodity business dating to 1905 in Jaffa — that buys coffee from farmers and sells it to roasters in 42 countries, and whose offering pages are one of this wiki’s most-cited sources on Panamanian farms.
• Sustainable Harvest — A US specialty green-coffee importer founded in Portland in 1997 by David Griswold, built around a “Relationship Coffee” model, certified as a B Corporation since 2008 — and, since February 2023, wholly owned by Sucafina North America.
• Testi Coffee — The Addis Ababa family exporter, founded in 2009 by Faysel Abdosh Yonis, that runs washing stations across four Ethiopian coffee zones and staged the private auction where Ethiopian coffee first sold for US$1,604 a kilo.

Market & pricing (17)

• Australian café culture — How post-war Italian migration turned Australia into an espresso country with its own drink names, why Melbourne became the world’s most-cited coffee city, and the rare case of a market where the independents beat the global chains outright.
• Buying consortium — When several roasters agree in advance to split one auction lot and the bill, and one of them places the bid — the arrangement behind most modern record coffee prices, and the reason a record price is not one buyer’s number.
• C-market — The New York futures contract that sets the world price of arabica coffee — what it actually is, what it can and cannot tell you about a bag of coffee, and why almost nobody pays it.
• China coffee market — How a tea-drinking country became one of the loudest bidders at the top of the coffee market — and why the buyers there look different from Western ones.
• Coffee supply chain — The physical journey a coffee makes after it leaves the mill — the exporter who must sign for it, the sealed container that carries it, the weeks it spends at sea, and the importer’s warehouse it sits in before a roaster ever smells it.
• Coffee trade shows — The travelling industry fairs where coffee actually gets bought, sold and judged — above all World of Coffee, the Specialty Coffee Association’s show brand, which now runs five editions a year across four continents.
• Direct trade — The most-used and least-defined phrase in specialty coffee sourcing — a roaster buying green coffee straight from a producer, with no certifier, no auditor and no agreed meaning behind the words.
• Ethiopia Commodity Exchange — The state-backed marketplace that has stood between Ethiopian farmers and the export market since 2008 — the institution that graded the country’s coffee, and, for nearly a decade, erased the name of whoever grew it.
• Green coffee buying — How raw unroasted coffee actually gets from a farm to a roastery — the people in the middle, the two numbers that make up the price, and the four ways a roaster can buy.
• Green coffee trading — The merchant layer of coffee — the handful of global firms that buy, finance, hedge, ship and resell raw coffee by the container, what customs and world statistics actually see, and why published estimates of the market’s size disagree so badly.
• Japan coffee market — A flat, enormous, century-old drinking market built on instant and canned coffee — sitting underneath the single most persistent record-buyer at the world’s top coffee auctions.
• Nairobi Coffee Exchange — Kenya’s national coffee auction — a weekly public sale on Haile Selassie Avenue that has set the price of Kenyan coffee since the 1930s, catalogues lots by bean size rather than by farm, and pays growers through a state-mandated settlement system.
• Premiumisation — Why a small group of buyers — largely East Asian — pay prices for auction coffee that look impossible next to the wider market.
• Producer cooperatives — The seller-side pooling structure behind most of the world’s coffee — smallholders too small to fill a container, get certified, or reach an exporter on their own, joining together to do all three, and the economics that makes them do it.
• Specialty Coffee Transaction Guide — An annual, free report that publishes what buyers actually paid for specialty green coffee — built from anonymised real contracts donated by exporters, importers and roasters, so prices can be discussed without reference to the commodity market.
• Third wave coffee — The name the trade gave itself around 2000 for treating coffee as a named agricultural product rather than a commodity drink — where the phrase came from, who built it, and why the date is disputed.
• Vietnam coffee market — The country that grows the world’s Robusta — second in volume, almost invisible in specialty — and what it would take for that to change.

Certifications (9)

• B Corporation certification — A certification for whole companies rather than farms or lots — it audits how a business is owned, governed and run, and says nothing whatsoever about the coffee.
• C.A.F.E. Practices — Starbucks’ own coffee-buying rulebook — more than 200 checks on how a farm is run, audited by outside firms but owned, scored and ultimately decided by one company.
• Carbon-negative coffee — Coffee whose producer claims to pull more CO₂ out of the air than it puts in — a claim with no agreed rulebook behind it, made almost entirely by the companies who benefit from it.
• Ethiopian fine coffee trademarking — The Ethiopian government’s decision to register Sidamo, Yirgacheffe and Harar as trademarks it owns outright and licenses to roasters for free — the strategy behind the 2006–07 Starbucks row, and a working alternative to the Champagne-style geographic indication.
• Fair trade coffee — The oldest and most recognised ethical label in coffee — a price floor, a community premium and an audit, all attached to farmer cooperatives rather than to farms, and saying nothing whatsoever about how the coffee tastes.
• Geographical indication — The legal instrument that turns a coffee place-name into property — what a geographical indication actually protects, the treaty machinery behind it (TRIPS Article 22, WIPO, the Lisbon system), the difference between an indication of origin and a denomination of origin, the coffee names protected this way, and why Ethiopia chose trademarks instead.
• Rainforest Alliance — The New York nonprofit behind the green frog seal — a sustainability certification for coffee farms that says nothing at all about how the coffee tastes.
• Sustainable Agriculture Network — The NGO coalition that wrote the rulebook behind the Rainforest Alliance green frog seal — the standards body most coffee drinkers have never heard of, standing behind a logo they have.
• UTZ — The Dutch-Guatemalan coffee certification label whose name means “good coffee” in Mayan — absorbed by the Rainforest Alliance in 2018 and now being retired, though its seal is still printed on old bags and old farm profiles.

Everything else (40)

• Alliance for Coffee Excellence — The nonprofit that runs the Cup of Excellence competition and auctions across many producing countries.
• Barista Hustle — The Australian online coffee school founded by Matt Perger in 2015 — a newsletter that turned into the industry’s best-known digital classroom, and into a public reckoning in 2020.
• Best of Panama — Panama’s annual green-coffee competition and online auction — home of the world’s record coffee prices.
• Boyu Capital — The Hong Kong private equity firm that now owns 60% of Starbucks’ 8,000 Chinese stores — the largest owner of coffee shops in China who has never bought a bag of green coffee.
• Cerrado Mineiro — The 55-municipality coffee region in western Minas Gerais that became Brazil’s first coffee origin with legal geographical protection — flat, mechanised, dry at harvest, and traceable down to a QR code on every lot.
• Coffee media — The handful of publications that report on specialty coffee for a living — above all Sprudge and Perfect Daily Grind — what each actually is, how they pay for themselves, and why a wiki that cites them constantly should still treat them as second-hand.
• Coffee Review — The Berkeley review publication that has been scoring coffees out of 100 since 1997 — where the 100-point coffee score most drinkers recognise came from, who does the tasting, and the $375 submission fee a reader should know about before quoting a score.
• Coffee Value Assessment — The SCA’s current system for evaluating coffee — four separate assessments replacing the single 100-point cupping score.
• Coffee YouTube — The loose world of people who explain coffee on video for a living — how a hobby channel became specialty coffee’s biggest classroom, why almost none of them are paid by YouTube, and what happens when a creator puts their name on a bag.
• Colombia — The country that turned washed Arabica into a brand — half a million small farms on three mountain ranges, one federation that has run the whole thing since 1927, and a national replanting programme that swapped out the coffee people loved for coffee that survives rust.
• Coopedota — The coffee cooperative of Santa María de Dota in Costa Rica’s Los Santos highlands — founded in 1960 by 96 producers, and the source of what is recorded as the world’s first certified carbon-neutral coffee, from plant to cup, in 2011.
• Coopesabalito — The coffee cooperative of Sabalito in Coto Brus, Costa Rica — founded 1964, running the mill, roastery, shops and fuel station of a border canton, and one of the named operators of the Casas de la Alegría childcare houses for migrant Ngäbe and Buglé harvest families.
• Cup of Excellence — The competition that invented the online green-coffee auction, now run across many producing countries.
• Dashang Group — The Dalian department-store conglomerate that bought Panama’s Carmen Estate outright — and now sells its own champion Geisha through a branded coffee shop in China.
• Echoes of the Peak — The private Ethiopian auction run by producer Alo Coffee, where a five-kilo lot sold for $1,739 a kilo in 2025 — a national record, but not a Cup of Excellence one.
• Ele.me — Alibaba’s food-delivery arm — the rider network that carries a coffee from a Chinese café to a desk, now folded into Taobao Instant Commerce. A pipe, not a grader of coffee.
• Freshippo — Alibaba’s grocery chain — the supermarket where Starbucks built delivery kitchens in 2018. A shelf and a fulfilment point for coffee, not a buyer or grader of it.
• Ghost Town Oats — The barista-founded oat milk brand made for espresso bars rather than supermarkets — started in December 2020 by three well-known American coffee professionals, and winner of the 2024–25 Sprudge Design Award for alternative-milk packaging.
• Green coffee auctions — The mechanism behind the famous record prices — cup a lot blind, score it, then let the world bid on it in the open. How competition auctions, curated auctions and estate-run private sales all turn a cupping score into a public price.
• Green coffee grading — How raw, unroasted coffee is judged before anyone tastes it — the catalogue of physical defects, how they are counted into a single number, the moisture and screen-size limits that travel with them, and why the grading rules change from one country to the next.
• History of coffee — How coffee travelled from a wild Ethiopian forest plant to the world’s most traded farm commodity — the beverage’s spread through Arabia and the Ottoman world, its arrival in Europe, and the colonial plantations that broke Yemen’s monopoly.
• Innovea Global Breeding Network — World Coffee Research’s multi-country breeding programme — eleven national coffee institutes planting the same experimental trees at once, so a new climate-resilient variety takes years instead of decades.
• Jamaica Blue Mountain — The mountain range in eastern Jamaica whose name is written into an act of parliament and registered as a trademark in three jurisdictions — four parishes, a grading ladder, and an origin whose customers are overwhelmingly in one country.
• JD.com — The Chinese e-commerce giant that bought the 2025 Best of Panama natural Geisha for about 3.4 million yuan — the first time a mass-market retail platform, rather than a roaster, took a top auction lot.
• Kissaten — Japan’s traditional coffee house — a quiet, dark-roasted, hand-brewed room run by a single master, and the place where obsessive single-cup brewing was ordinary decades before the West called it specialty.
• Ngäbe-Buglé coffee labour — The Indigenous Ngäbe and Buglé people who pick most of Panama’s coffee — including the record-breaking Geisha lots — and who migrate on into Costa Rica’s harvest, largely unnamed in any auction catalogue.
• Perfect Daily Grind — The British trilingual coffee publication launched in January 2015 and run from Crowborough, East Sussex — what it publishes, the company and conference group around it, who runs it, and why it is a teacher rather than a source of record.
• Q Grader — The licence that certifies a person to score coffee to a common standard — what the exam involves, how long it lasts, and why the licence changed hands.
• Qahwa World — The Arabic-, English- and Russian-language coffee publication run from the United Arab Emirates — what it covers, why this wiki cites it so often, and why its numbers should always be traced back to the auction sheet.
• Roast magazine — The Portland trade magazine founded in 2004 by Connie Blumhardt that writes for people who roast coffee for a living — six issues a year, a daily news site, a conference, and the Roaster of the Year award whose winner list this wiki keeps citing.
• Sample roasting — The tiny test roast that decides whether a container of green coffee gets bought — why it is deliberately bland, the 8-to-12-minute rule, and the 8-to-24-hour wait before anyone is allowed to taste it.
• Samurai Coffee Experience — The consultancy 2014 world barista champion Hide Izaki launched in January 2016 — barista training systems, quality control, product development and PR, sold to coffee businesses rather than coffee to drinkers.
• SCA cupping protocol — The step-by-step recipe and 100-point scoresheet the specialty trade used for two decades to turn a taste into a number.
• Specialty coffee — The industry’s own name for the top tier of coffee — what the definition actually says today, where the famous “80 points” line came from, and why the two no longer match.
• Sprudge — The American coffee news site founded in 2009 by Zachary Carlsen and Jordan Michelman — how a Drudge Report parody became specialty coffee’s most-read newsroom, what it publishes, what it is paid by, and why its numbers are still second-hand.
• TheBeanGeek — A free web platform that catalogues specialty coffees from roasters worldwide and hosts one of the two digital tools the SCA points evaluators at for filling in Coffee Value Assessment forms.
• Tmall — Alibaba’s B2C marketplace — the shop window through which most imported and premium coffee reaches Chinese drinkers, and a channel rather than a grader of quality.
• Vanúsia Nogueira — The Brazilian executive who ran the country’s specialty coffee association for fifteen years and then became the first woman to lead the International Coffee Organization — a career built entirely on policy and promotion, with no farm, lot or cupping score attached to it.
• World Coffee Events — The body that ran coffee’s seven world championships — including the World Barista Championship — and which has since been absorbed into the Specialty Coffee Association’s own branding.
• Yirgacheffe Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union — The farmer-owned exporting union behind most of the coffee sold as Yirgacheffe — 28 village cooperatives, tens of thousands of one-hectare gardens, and a set of published numbers that do not quite agree with each other.